Liquid Hydrogen Transport by Rail
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Contents |
Introduction
Cylindrical cryogenic tanks such as those used for trucking, can be adopted for railway transport and are used for distributing a small amount of the hydrogen used today in the industrial markets. They can typically carry up to 9100 kg of hydrogen, with boil-off rates estimated at 0.2% per day.
This method of distribution is typically used for long distances of up to 1000 miles and therefore is used more in North America than in Europe, where distribution distances tend to be shorter.
State of the Art
The production and storage of liquid can be compared to that discussed for liquid road distribution in Section 9.3. This method of distribution is not typically used in Europe.
Metric Table
| METRIC | SUB METRIC | DATA / RATING | UNITS | Liquid Rail |
| Technology Accessibility | Compatibility with existing technologies | Rating | 0-4 | 2[1] |
| Number of Transportation providers | Data | no. | 4?[2] | |
| Joint transportation with other fuels ? | Rating | 0-4 | ?[3] | |
| Global Environmental Impact | GHG emissions associated with fuel transport | Data | gCO2 eq/kg fuel | |
| CO2 emissions associated with fuel transport | Data | gCO2/kg fuel | ||
| Local Environmental Impact | Air quality impact (consider NOx, PM, CO, NMHC) | Rating | 0-4 | |
| Noise or perception of noise from transport systems (SPL, loudness,...) | Data / Rating | dB(A), sone | ||
| Land use / damage to nature (e.g. pipelines) | Rating | 0-4 | ||
| Efficiency | Transport leakage | Data | % (kg) loss / km | Boil off rate 0.2-0.6% per day[4] |
| Energy efficiency (e.g. truck energy consumption + leakage) | Data | % | ||
| Capacity & Availability | Measured capacity of distribution infrastructure | Data | kg fuel / year | |
| Lifetime of technology | Data | years | ||
| Cost (click here for more datails) | Capital investment for fuel transport facilitites | Data | €/capacity | N/A |
| Operational / maintenance costs | Data | €/year | N/A | |
| Decommissioning Cost | Data | €/capacity | N/A | |
| Transportation Costs | Data | €/kg/km | N/A | |
| Safety | No. of transport interruptions | Data | no. / year | |
| Severity of failure | Rating | 0-4 |
References
- Air Products
- Castello, Tzimas, Moretto and Peteves
Techno-economic Hydrogen Transmission and Distribution Systems in Europe in the Medium and Long Term
Report EUR 21586EN, March 2005 - National Hydrogen Energy Roadmap, Hydrogen Posture Plan
US DOE - Costs of Storing and Transporting Hydrogen
Amos, National Energy Research Lab
Notes
- ↑ Rail transport would only be compatible for applications near to existing rail distribution networks. This is not a typical distribution method for the current European industrial market
- ↑ ‘Four’ refers to the major global industrial gas companies; Air Liquide, Linde Group (inc. BOC), Air Products and Praxair. I am not sure to what extent these companies use this method of distribution
- ↑ I’m not sure what this means
- ↑ Amos, National Energy Research Lab, Costs of Storing and Transporting Hydrogen
| Hydrogen Transport |
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Hydrogen Transport by Tube Trailer | Hydrogen Transport by Pipeline | Liquid Hydrogen Transport by Truck | Liquid Hydrogen Transport by Rail | Liquid Hydrogen Maritime Transport |
